Enhancing IoT-Based Smart Automatic Water Dispensing in Secondary Schools in Sokoto South LGA, Sokoto State
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Background of the study:
Water is an essential resource in every educational institution, and ensuring its efficient and hygienic dispensation in secondary schools is critical. In Sokoto South LGA, traditional water dispensing methods in schools often involve manual oversight and outdated infrastructure that lead to water wastage, inconsistent water quality, and sporadic access during peak times. With the advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, smart automatic water dispensing systems have emerged as a viable solution to these challenges. Such systems integrate sensors, actuators, and wireless communication networks to continuously monitor water levels, quality, and usage patterns. Data collected by these sensors are processed in real time to control water flow, automatically activate or deactivate pumps, and even detect leakages, thereby ensuring optimal water management (Okeke, 2023). Furthermore, the integration of cloud computing allows for remote monitoring and predictive maintenance, which can alert school administrators to potential issues before they escalate. By automating water dispensing, schools can reduce operational costs, enhance water conservation efforts, and provide a consistent supply of safe water to students. Studies indicate that smart water management systems can significantly reduce wastage and improve service reliability in institutional settings (Umar, 2024). Additionally, the system can be integrated with educational tools to raise awareness among students about sustainable water practices. This technological approach not only supports resource management but also contributes to creating a healthier and more environmentally responsible school environment. With increasing demands on water resources in urban areas, implementing IoT-based solutions in secondary schools is both timely and essential for sustainable development (Adamu, 2025). The continuous, data-driven approach ensures that water distribution adapts to real-time needs, reduces manual intervention, and provides a scalable model for future improvements in school infrastructure.
Statement of the problem:
Secondary schools in Sokoto South LGA face significant challenges in managing water distribution due to reliance on outdated, manual dispensing systems. These traditional methods are prone to inefficiencies such as water wastage, inconsistent water pressure, and delays in addressing system malfunctions. The lack of real-time monitoring leads to prolonged downtime during maintenance, resulting in reduced access to clean water during critical school hours. In addition, manual oversight increases the risk of human error, which can compromise water quality and safety. Financial constraints and limited technical expertise further restrict the adoption of modern water management practices in these schools, thereby affecting the overall learning environment (Okeke, 2023). The absence of automated, sensor-driven systems leaves school administrators with inadequate data to make informed decisions regarding water usage and maintenance schedules. This situation not only escalates operational costs but also undermines efforts to conserve water—a resource that is increasingly scarce. Consequently, there is an urgent need for an IoT-based smart automatic water dispensing system that can continuously monitor water levels, quality, and usage, thereby enabling prompt interventions and efficient resource allocation. The system should offer real-time alerts and remote management capabilities to ensure uninterrupted water supply while reducing wastage and maintenance burdens (Umar, 2024). Without such innovation, schools will continue to struggle with unreliable water distribution, which negatively impacts student health and overall educational outcomes (Adamu, 2025).
Objectives of the study:
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To design and develop an IoT-based automatic water dispensing system tailored for secondary schools.
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To evaluate the system’s effectiveness in reducing water wastage and ensuring consistent water quality.
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To recommend strategies for integrating the system with existing school infrastructure.
Research questions:
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How effective is the IoT-based water dispensing system in providing a consistent and safe water supply in secondary schools?
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What challenges arise during the integration of IoT technologies into traditional school water systems?
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How can the system be optimized to ensure scalability and energy efficiency?
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it addresses critical challenges in water management in secondary schools by leveraging IoT technology to automate and optimize water dispensing. The findings will aid school administrators in reducing water wastage, lowering operational costs, and ensuring a healthier learning environment. In addition, the study contributes to sustainable resource management practices and provides a scalable model for similar institutions.
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to the design, development, and evaluation of an IoT-based smart automatic water dispensing system in secondary schools in Sokoto South LGA, Sokoto State. It does not extend to other forms of water management or different educational levels.
Definitions of terms:
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of interconnected devices that collect and exchange real-time data.
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Automatic Water Dispensing System: A technology-driven system that regulates water flow based on sensor input without manual intervention.
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Secondary Schools: Educational institutions providing instruction to students typically between the ages of 12 and 18.
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